I think we may need some more context to know exactly what your question means, but the phrase "new kind of science" seems most recently to be associated with a 2002 book by Stephen Wolfram. In his book, A New Kind of Science he suggests that sets of simple computational rules, through massive repetition, can account for the complexity of large systems. That, at least is my layman's understanding.
Besides the full text of the work linked to above, you might also want to look at this collection of reviews posted on a personal web page on the University of South Florida site. Since the page seems to be a couple of years old, some of the links are out of date, but many still work.
There is a technical discussion of Wolfram's book from the February 2003 Notices of the AMS called "A Mathemetician looks at Wolfram's New Kind of Science" available as a pdf file here. Also, there is a detailed Wikipedia entry about the book.


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